01 funding
How does the infrastructure sustain its operations? Public or private? Which business model?
Applications
Search, stores and payments, the portals where a state meets its citizens, the forums and archives a public keeps. Where most people meet the stack, and where least of it is European.
Six questions we ask of every layer
02 control
Who gets to decide on the creation and maintenance of this layer? Who can shut it down?
03 power distribution
How is power distributed among the different stakeholders in this layer? Is it centralised among a small number of key players, or decentralised across many?
04 dependency
How dependent is this layer on other infrastructural decisions up or down the stack?
05 sovereignty
How much of this layer does Europe directly control? How much is it dependent on others?
06 is there an Alternative?
What would it take to make this layer fully European? Is there an alternative path that could serve us best?